Rising Seas + Hurricanes = Wet Population

February 9th, 2010
Sarasota is on Floridas Gulf Coast and highly susceptible to future rising waters and hurricanes.

Sarasota is on Florida's Gulf Coast and highly susceptible to future rising waters and hurricanes.

I came across an interesting article today that demonstrates how researchers at the University of Idaho are making a difference across the country.

An article from the Herald Tribune out of Sarasota, Florida quotes Tim Frazier, assistant professor of geography and bio-regional planning, who recently spoke at the Mote Marine Laboratory about the potential dangers of climate change. According to Frazier, if the ocean were to rise four feet in the next century, a Category 4 or 5 hurricane during high-tide could soak more than 70 percent of the local population.

His study, conducted in partnership with Penn State University and the United States Geological Survey, pinpoints areas of particular danger to future catastrophes, so that city planners can build future infrastructure out of the way.

Sure, there may be a lot of “ifs” in the equation, but it never hurts to be prepared.

Getting the Most Out Of Your Forest

February 5th, 2010

Earlier in the week, the University of Idaho put out a press release

See all of that green? That's prime natural research area, my friend.

See all of that green? That's prime natural research area, my friend.

stating it had received a $400,000 grant from the National Science Foundation in order to join the Center for Advanced Forestry Systems (CAFS).

CAFS is a cooperation between the NSF, several universities across the country and members of the forestry industry. It’s purpose is to share knowledge and work together in order to optimize the production of high-quality raw materials from forests. In short, they try to fend off invasive species, create new strains of plants and analyze the best way to utilize a forest’s resources.

To me, this seems like an obvious move, and I’m shocked that Idaho was not already a part of this group. I mean 37 percent of the state of Idaho is covered by forests, which means it has nearly 31,000 square miles - or nearly 20 million acres - of prime research areas to utilize.

Idaho is a state rich with diverse public lands and it is crucial the university use this natural advantage moving forward with new research programs and developments.

AOL Goes Geek

February 4th, 2010
The 2006 Porsche 911 increases a man's testosterone levels. Image from www.cars.com.

The 2006 Porsche 911 increases a man's testosterone levels. Image from www.cars.com.

While perusing the headlines on AOL this morning - something which I am a bit ashamed to say I do on a regular basis - I noticed an interesting trend. On a “news” site that habitually features mostly irrelevant, celebrity gossip and poorly commented political features, there were actually three science stories!

Ladies and Gents, AOL has gone geek!

The first post was the most interesting. It was a commentary from an AOL Autos Correspondent named Diego Rodriguez on a recent research report from Gad Saad and John Vongas of Concordia University. The duo decided to see if merely owning a chic car affected a man’s biology as well as if showing it off in front of people made a difference.

According to the study, merely driving a sporty car (a 2006 Porsche 911 Carrera 4S Cabriolet) boosts a man’s testosterone levels. More surprisingly, driving on a deserted highway rose them more than showing off in front of crowded city streets. The research goes to show that there is something hardwired in humans related to owning the biggest, baddest something and it isn’t all just pop culture and advertising.

Or as Mr. Rodriguez puts it, “By driving a Porsche they become more potent competitors in the game of life, presumably upping their ability to continue to do whatever they were doing to enable them to procure a Porsche in the first place. One might argue that, rather than costing more because marketers tell us they’re worth it, Porsches are expensive because our genes value them so highly.”

The second piece relates to new genetically modified tomatoes in India that possess a longer shelf life by a month. Critics argue whether or not the nutrition level stays the same in that same time period, and others debate whether or not genetically modified produce will ever become widely accepted in America.

The final story tells of a research project that has located an “obsessive-compulsive gene” in canines. For a decade, the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University collected blood samples from Dobermans that exhibited compulsive behavior, like blanket-sucking, as well as from unaffected, healthy Dobermans.

After doing the blood work, researchers found that those blanket-sucking fiends were more likely to to express a CDH2 gene. And because the same gene appears in the human genome, the next step in the research is to find whether or not this gene might also cause similar psychological diseases in humans.

Disappearing Ducks

February 3rd, 2010
The Prairie Pothole region is a complex system of rivers, wetlands, marshes and lakes. Image from the United States Global Research Program.

The Prairie Pothole region is a complex system of rivers, wetlands, marshes and lakes. Image from the United States Global Research Program.

Texans who like to hunt should take note of this new bit of research. If  John Tracy and the team’s predictions come true, the state may run low on ducks to aim at.

According to a recent study, climate change will have some major impacts on the Prairie Potholes region of North America, which extends from Iowa and Minnesota through the Dakotas and up into Canada.

The region is a complex series of rivers, wetlands and lakes that are all connected through both groundwater and surface water flows. But though they all run together, climate change is predicted to have a very different affect on the different levels of moisture found throughout the system.

One type of wetland that will be most affected includes the habitats of many different varieties of waterfowl. And if the models hold up, a 4-degree Celsius increase - which is what is being predicted - would shorten the amount of time water is available for ducks to raise their young.

Map of the North America Pothole Region in the United States. Image from Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center.

Map of the North America Pothole Region in the United States. Image from Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center.

For example, mallards require at least 80 to 110 days of surface water to raise their young to a point where they can fly off to greener - or wetter - pastures. But according to the team’s predictions, the region will not be able to support that long of a life cycle within the next century.

The new research comes after a 15  year study between the University of Idaho, South Dakota State University and the United States Geological Survey.

Idaho’s State in the Union

January 29th, 2010

“Next, we need to encourage American innovation. Last year, we made the largest investment in basic research funding in history - an investment that could lead to the world’s cheapest solar cells or treatment that kills cancer cells but leaves healthy ones untouched. And no area is more ripe for such innovation than energy…

But to create more of these clean energy jobs, we need more production, more efficiency, more incentives. And that means building a new generation of safe, clean nuclear power plants in this country. It means making tough decisions about opening new offshore areas for oil and gas development. It means continued investment in advanced biofuels and clean coal technologies. And, yes, it means passing a comprehensive energy and climate bill with incentives that will finally make clean energy the profitable kind of energy in America…

I know there have been questions about whether we can afford such changes in a tough economy. I know that there are those who disagree with the overwhelming scientific evidence on climate change. But here’s the thing — even if you doubt the evidence, providing incentives for energy-efficiency and clean energy are the right thing to do for our future — because the nation that leads the clean energy economy will be the nation that leads the global economy. And America must be that nation.”

Photo by Doug Mills of the New York Times

These words were spoken by President Obama two nights ago during his State of the Union address. I found it a major step forward for American politics after eight years of neglecting scientific advancement. Thanks to the expansion of the budgets of the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health and the Department of Energy, many schools are making substantial progress in these areas.

The University of Idaho is no different.

Follow these links to learn about what Idaho is already doing to attack the problems the President mentioned in his speech.

An External Off Switch for Speeding Cars

January 29th, 2010

I came across this very cool story this morning while cruising my usual news channels. Just thought I’d share it.

Apparently, scientists are working on a hand-held version of this gigantic electromagnetic pulse generator that can completely shut off a car from quite a distance away. I imagine this would be an incredible weapon for stopping hostiles in the Middle East, speeding getaway cars on the highway and rogue “Death Mobiles” intent on destroying college parades.

Imaging Science as Art Part V

January 28th, 2010

rostralf1aHere is the final photo from the series of images taken on devices now found in the University of Idaho’s Optical Imaging Center.

Here we have - yet again - muscle from a rat’s diaphragm. The yellow splotches are nerve terminals highlighted on the individual muscle fibers that have been stained green.

Once again, this image was taken in the laboratory of Mike Laskowski, emeritus faculty from WWAMI and former director of the INBRE program.

I hope you’ve enjoyed the pictures and now have a greater appreciation for just how closely science and art are related!

Carbon Neutrality

January 27th, 2010

Riddle me this: How long does it take a major university to reduce its carbon footprint from 38,981 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere down to a big fat goose egg?

According to the University of Idaho, about 20 years.

That’s the goal of the Climate Action Plan (CAP) announced today in a press release.

Curious how the university plans to hit its benchmarks along the way to carbon neutrality? I suggest reading the entire plan, but here’s a brief overview:

The plan states that current and recently completed emission reduction projects soon will reduce the university’s 2005 carbon footprint by 10 percent. These projects include:

  • HVAC upgrades to monitor energy use, shut systems down when not in use and only use as much energy as is needed at any given time
  • A woodchip storage drying facility for the steam plant and further uses of wood energy
  • Adopting new regulations for construction and renovations

A campus-wide energy project includes:

  • Connecting more buildings to the central steam and cooling system
  • Adding an additional wood-fired boiler to the steam plant
  • Concentrating classes after 5 pm into fewer buildings
  • Adding a position to ensure university space is best being utilized
  • Simply buying Energy Star equipment and turning things off when students and staff leave

In addition to these energy saving measures, the university is looking into renewable energy sources including adding a steam turbine generator to the steam plant heating facility.

According to the report, the university produces about 1,500 tons of waste per year, which it will seek to reduce by minimizing waste and increasing recycling projects including:

  • Increasing duplex printing
  • Standardizing office equipment
  • Education students, faculty and staff about reducing waste
  • Composting all food waste
  • Reducing the use of bottled water

The report also looks at Idaho’s animal and farm operations stating that, believe it or not, CO2 “emissions” will be reduced by a smaller herd of animals. Additionally, the university is looking into no till farming practices that increase the carbon sequestration of the land.

Finally, the report addresses transportation, citing statistics stating that 81 percent of the country’s transportation energy comes in the form of personal cars, 96 percent of which comes from oil. In 2007, the U of I released 6,455 metric tons of CO2 via commuting, the campus fleet and air travel, totaling 16 percent of the university’s total emissions.

To reduce this, the university plans to encourage alternative modes of transportation to campus because, after all, the chances of living more than a couple of miles away from campus is pretty slim. Some ideas on how to do this include:

  • Creating a University of Idaho Commuter Club offering special parking passes for carpools
  • Creating a “Carpool Finder”
  • Encouraging the use of public transit
  • Start a Staff Car Loaner program so those who choose to walk to work  can still respond to an emergency at home
  • Making the campus more friendly to bikers and walkers
  • Adding a “carbon fee” to parking passes and either not allowing or charging a premium for freshman passes
  • Making the university’s fleet more energy friendly
  • Purchase carbon offsets for air travel

Again, this is just a brief overview. I strongly encourage you to check out the document for yourself.

Imaging Science as Art Part IV

January 27th, 2010

This image is of single colonies of E. coli MG1655 - highlighted in fluorescent green - and a multi-drug resistant plasmid pB10 that is highlighted in red. The study of how these plasmids mutate and spread through bacteria colonies causing resistance to medicines is a major focus of the University of Idaho.71

This is an example of a 3-dimensional projection made on an Olympus Fluoview Confocal microscope. It was taken by Jarek Krol, a postdoctoral researcher in the laboratory of Professor Eva Top.

Again, these images are examples of the colorful and intriguing shots that can be taken at the new Optical Imaging Center at the University of Idaho.

From Iran to Idaho

January 26th, 2010

It’s not everyday that a love of fruit and agriculture takes one on a journey from Iran to Idaho, but that’s exactly what Idaho’s director of its fruit science program Esmaeil Fallahi did.

Esmaeil Fallahi

Esmaeil Fallahi

This is a fascinating story that I wish was fleshed out in more of a feature in the Lewiston Tribune article. Son of a high-ranking Iran official that was assassinated early in his life, Fallahi chose fruit science over medical school. His mother - nicknamed the Hitler of Education - ensured each of his brothers and sisters received the best education possible and now are either doctors or engineers.

After three years of medical school, Fallahi told his mother he was going into agriculture, and immediately ran.

But his mother need not worry. Fallahi has done so well for himself as a scientist of fruit production that former Governor Jim Risch designated Sept.13, 2006 as “Esmaeil Fallahi Day,” and received Governor Otter’s Award for Excellence in Agriculture-Innovation/Discovery and Marketing two years later.

Despite his success, Governor Otter’s budget cuts recently forced the University of Idaho to consider shutting down Fallahi’s work at the Parma Research and Extension Center. However, thanks to an agreement between fruit and table grape growers, a coalition of area farmers and J.R. Simplot Company, the center is remaining open through the fiscal year.